Winning Hands Massage

Synergists (down) and Antagonists (Across)

Glenohumerol Joint (Ball and Socket)

Flexion

Extension

• Deltoid (Anterior Fibers)
• Pectoralis Major (Upper Fibers)
• Biceps Brachii
• Coracobrachialis

• Deltoid (Posterior Fibers
• Latissimus Dorsi
• Teres Major
• Infraspinatus
• Teres Minor
• Pectoralis Major (Lower Fibers)
• Triceps Brachii (Long Head)

Horizontal Abduction

Horizontal Adduction

• Deltoid (Posterior Fibers)
• Infraspinatus
• Teres Minor

• Deltoid (Anterior Fibers)
• Pectoralis Major (Upper Fibers

Abduction

Adduction

• Deltoid (All Fibers)
• Supraspinatus

• Latissimus Dorsi
• Teres Major
• Infraspinatus
• Teres Minor
• Pectoralis Major
• Triceps Brachii (Long Head)
• Coracobrachialis

Medial Rotation

Lateral Rotation

• Deltoid (Anterior Fibers)
• Latissimus Dorsi
• Teres Major
• Subscapularis
• Pectoralis Major

• Deltoid (Posterior Fibers)
• Infraspinatus
• Teres Minor
   

Skip to: Top | Glenohumerol Joint (Ball and Socket) | Scapulothoracis Joint | Elbow - Humeroulnar Joint (Hinge) | Radioulnar (Forearm) | Radiocarpal Joint (Wrist) | Hand and Fingers (Metacarpophalangeal, Proximal, and Distal Interphalangeal Joints) | Thumb (Carpometacarpal, Metacarpophalangeal, Interphalangeal Joints) | Opposition: Opponens Pollicis | Vertebral Column | Cervical Spine | Mandible - (Temporomandibular Joint - TMJ) | Ribs | Hip - (Coxal Joint) - (Ball and Socket) | Knee (Tibiofemoral Joint) | Ankle (Talocrural Joint) | Foot and Toes (Tarsometatarsal, Metatarsophalangeal, Interphalangeal Joints)

Scapulothoracic Joint

Elevation

Depression

• Trapezius (Upper Fibers)
• Rhomboid Major
• Rhomboid Minor
• Levator Scapula

• Trapezius (Lower Fibers)
• Serratus Anterior
• Pectoralis Minor
   

Abduction

Adduction

• Serratus Anterior
• Pectoralis Minor

• Trapezius (Middle Fibers)
• Rhomboid Major
• Rhomboid Minor

Upward Rotation

Downward Rotation

• Trapezius (Upper &Lower Fibers)

• Rhomboid Major
• Rhomboid Minor
• Levator Scapula
   

Skip to: Top | Glenohumerol Joint (Ball and Socket) | Scapulothoracis Joint | Elbow - Humeroulnar Joint (Hinge) | Radioulnar (Forearm) | Radiocarpal Joint (Wrist) | Hand and Fingers (Metacarpophalangeal, Proximal, and Distal Interphalangeal Joints) | Thumb (Carpometacarpal, Metacarpophalangeal, Interphalangeal Joints) | Opposition: Opponens Pollicis | Vertebral Column | Cervical Spine | Mandible - (Temporomandibular Joint - TMJ) | Ribs | Hip - (Coxal Joint) - (Ball and Socket) | Knee (Tibiofemoral Joint) | Ankle (Talocrural Joint) | Foot and Toes (Tarsometatarsal, Metatarsophalangeal, Interphalangeal Joints)

Elbow - Humeroulnar Joint (Hinge)

Flexion

Extension

• Biceps Brachii
• Brachialis
• Brachioradialis
• Flexor Carpi Radialis
• Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
• Palmaris Longus
• Pronator Teres
  Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
• Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis

• Triceps Brachii
• Anconeus
   

Skip to: Top | Glenohumerol Joint (Ball and Socket) | Scapulothoracis Joint | Elbow - Humeroulnar Joint (Hinge) | Radioulnar (Forearm) | Radiocarpal Joint (Wrist) | Hand and Fingers (Metacarpophalangeal, Proximal, and Distal Interphalangeal Joints) | Thumb (Carpometacarpal, Metacarpophalangeal, Interphalangeal Joints) | Opposition: Opponens Pollicis | Vertebral Column | Cervical Spine | Mandible - (Temporomandibular Joint - TMJ) | Ribs | Hip - (Coxal Joint) - (Ball and Socket) | Knee (Tibiofemoral Joint) | Ankle (Talocrural Joint) | Foot and Toes (Tarsometatarsal, Metatarsophalangeal, Interphalangeal Joints)

Radioulnar (Forearm)

Supination

Pronation

• Biceps Brachii
• Supinator
• Brachioradialis

• Pronator Teres
• Pronator Quadratus
• Brachioradialis

Skip to: Top | Glenohumerol Joint (Ball and Socket) | Scapulothoracis Joint | Elbow - Humeroulnar Joint (Hinge) | Radioulnar (Forearm) | Radiocarpal Joint (Wrist) | Hand and Fingers (Metacarpophalangeal, Proximal, and Distal Interphalangeal Joints) | Thumb (Carpometacarpal, Metacarpophalangeal, Interphalangeal Joints) | Opposition: Opponens Pollicis | Vertebral Column | Cervical Spine | Mandible - (Temporomandibular Joint - TMJ) | Ribs | Hip - (Coxal Joint) - (Ball and Socket) | Knee (Tibiofemoral Joint) | Ankle (Talocrural Joint) | Foot and Toes (Tarsometatarsal, Metatarsophalangeal, Interphalangeal Joints)

Radiocarpal Joint (Wrist)

Flexion

Extension

• Flexor Carpi Radialis
• Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
• Palmaris Longus
• Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
• Flexor Digitorum Profundis

• Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
• Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
• Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
• Extensor Digitorum
   

Abduction

Adduction

• Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
• Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
• Flexor Carpi Radialis

• Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
• Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

Skip to: Top | Glenohumerol Joint (Ball and Socket) | Scapulothoracis Joint | Elbow - Humeroulnar Joint (Hinge) | Radioulnar (Forearm) | Radiocarpal Joint (Wrist) | Hand and Fingers (Metacarpophalangeal, Proximal, and Distal Interphalangeal Joints) | Thumb (Carpometacarpal, Metacarpophalangeal, Interphalangeal Joints) | Opposition: Opponens Pollicis | Vertebral Column | Cervical Spine | Mandible - (Temporomandibular Joint - TMJ) | Ribs | Hip - (Coxal Joint) - (Ball and Socket) | Knee (Tibiofemoral Joint) | Ankle (Talocrural Joint) | Foot and Toes (Tarsometatarsal, Metatarsophalangeal, Interphalangeal Joints)

Hand and Fingers (Metacarpophangeal, Proximal and Distal Interphalangeal Joints)

Extension -2nd Thru 5th Fingers

Flexion - 2nd Thru 5th Fingers

• Extensor Digitorum

• Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
• Flexor Digitorum Profundis

Skip to: Top | Glenohumerol Joint (Ball and Socket) | Scapulothoracis Joint | Elbow - Humeroulnar Joint (Hinge) | Radioulnar (Forearm) | Radiocarpal Joint (Wrist) | Hand and Fingers (Metacarpophalangeal, Proximal, and Distal Interphalangeal Joints) | Thumb (Carpometacarpal, Metacarpophalangeal, Interphalangeal Joints) | Opposition: Opponens Pollicis | Vertebral Column | Cervical Spine | Mandible - (Temporomandibular Joint - TMJ) | Ribs | Hip - (Coxal Joint) - (Ball and Socket) | Knee (Tibiofemoral Joint) | Ankle (Talocrural Joint) | Foot and Toes (Tarsometatarsal, Metatarsophalangeal, Interphalangeal Joints)

Thumb (Carpometacarpal, Metacarpophalangeal, Interphalangeal Joints)

Flexion

Extension

• Flexor Pollicis Longus
• Adductor Pollicis

• Extensor Pollicis Longus
• Extensor Pollicis Brevis
• Abductor Pollicis Longus

Abduction

Adduction

• Abductor Pollicis Longus

• Adductor Pollicis

Skip to: Top | Glenohumerol Joint (Ball and Socket) | Scapulothoracis Joint | Elbow - Humeroulnar Joint (Hinge) | Radioulnar (Forearm) | Radiocarpal Joint (Wrist) | Hand and Fingers (Metacarpophalangeal, Proximal, and Distal Interphalangeal Joints) | Thumb (Carpometacarpal, Metacarpophalangeal, Interphalangeal Joints) | Opposition: Opponens Pollicis | Vertebral Column | Cervical Spine | Mandible - (Temporomandibular Joint - TMJ) | Ribs | Hip - (Coxal Joint) - (Ball and Socket) | Knee (Tibiofemoral Joint) | Ankle (Talocrural Joint) | Foot and Toes (Tarsometatarsal, Metatarsophalangeal, Interphalangeal Joints)

Opposition: Opponens Pollicis

Vertebral Column

Flexion

Extension

• Rectus Abdominus
• External Oblique (Bilaterally)
• Internal Oblique (Bilaterally)

• Spinalis (Bilaterally)
• Longissimus (Bilaterally)
• Iliocostalis (Bilaterally)
• Multifidi
• Rotatores
• Semispinalis
• Quadratus Lumborum
• Latissimus Dorsi (When Arm is Fixed)

Rotation (Note: Not Antagonists)

Lateral Flexion

• External Oblique (To Opposite Side)
• Internal Oblique (To Same Side)
• Multifidi (To Opposite Side)
• Rotatores (To Opposite Side)

• Spinalis (Unilaterally)
• Longissimus (Unilaterally)
• Iliocostalis (Unilaterally)
• Quadratus Lumborum (Unilaterally)
• External Oblique (To Same Side)
• Internal Oblique (To Same Side)
• Latissimus Dorsi

Skip to: Top | Glenohumerol Joint (Ball and Socket) | Scapulothoracis Joint | Elbow - Humeroulnar Joint (Hinge) | Radioulnar (Forearm) | Radiocarpal Joint (Wrist) | Hand and Fingers (Metacarpophalangeal, Proximal, and Distal Interphalangeal Joints) | Thumb (Carpometacarpal, Metacarpophalangeal, Interphalangeal Joints) | Opposition: Opponens Pollicis | Vertebral Column | Cervical Spine | Mandible - (Temporomandibular Joint - TMJ) | Ribs | Hip - (Coxal Joint) - (Ball and Socket) | Knee (Tibiofemoral Joint) | Ankle (Talocrural Joint) | Foot and Toes (Tarsometatarsal, Metatarsophalangeal, Interphalangeal Joints)

Cervical Spine

Flexion

Extension

• Sternocleidomastoid (Bilateral)
• Anterior Scalene
• Longus Capitus
• Longus Colli

• Trapezius (Upper Fibers, Bilaterally)
• Levator Scapula (Bilaterally)
• Splenius Capitus (Bilaterally)
• Splenius Cervicis (Bilaterally)
• Rectus Capitis
• Posterior Major
• Rectus Capitus
• Posterior Minor
• Oblique Capitis
• Superior Semispinalis

Rotation (Note: Not Antagonists)

Lateral Flexion

• Levator Scapula (To Same Side)
• Splenius Capitus (To Same Side)
• Splenius Cervicis (To Same Side)
• Rectus Capitis Major (To Same Side)
• Oblique Capitis Inferior (To Same Side)
• Trapezius (To Opposite Side)
• Sternocleidomastoid (To Opposite Side)
• Anterior Scalene (To Opposite Side)
• Middle Scalene (To Opposite Side)
• Posterior Scalene (To Opposite Side)

• Trapezius (Upper Fibers)
• Levator Scapula
• Splenius Capitis
• Splenius Cervicis
• Sternocleidomastoid
• Longus Capitis
• Longus Colli
• Anterior Scalene
• Middle Scalene
• Posterior Scalene

Skip to: Top | Glenohumerol Joint (Ball and Socket) | Scapulothoracis Joint | Elbow - Humeroulnar Joint (Hinge) | Radioulnar (Forearm) | Radiocarpal Joint (Wrist) | Hand and Fingers (Metacarpophalangeal, Proximal, and Distal Interphalangeal Joints) | Thumb (Carpometacarpal, Metacarpophalangeal, Interphalangeal Joints) | Opposition: Opponens Pollicis | Vertebral Column | Cervical Spine | Mandible - (Temporomandibular Joint - TMJ) | Ribs | Hip - (Coxal Joint) - (Ball and Socket) | Knee (Tibiofemoral Joint) | Ankle (Talocrural Joint) | Foot and Toes (Tarsometatarsal, Metatarsophalangeal, Interphalangeal Joints)

Mandible - (Temporomandibular Joint - TMJ)

Elevation

Depression

• Masseter
• Temporalis
• Medial Pterygoid

• Geniohyoid
• Mylohyoid
• Stylohyoid
• Digastric
• Platysma

Protraction

Retraction

• Lateral Pterygoid

• Temporalis
• Digastric

Skip to: Top | Glenohumerol Joint (Ball and Socket) | Scapulothoracis Joint | Elbow - Humeroulnar Joint (Hinge) | Radioulnar (Forearm) | Radiocarpal Joint (Wrist) | Hand and Fingers (Metacarpophalangeal, Proximal, and Distal Interphalangeal Joints) | Thumb (Carpometacarpal, Metacarpophalangeal, Interphalangeal Joints) | Opposition: Opponens Pollicis | Vertebral Column | Cervical Spine | Mandible - (Temporomandibular Joint - TMJ) | Ribs | Hip - (Coxal Joint) - (Ball and Socket) | Knee (Tibiofemoral Joint) | Ankle (Talocrural Joint) | Foot and Toes (Tarsometatarsal, Metatarsophalangeal, Interphalangeal Joints)

Ribs

Elevation

Depression

• Anterior Scalene (Bilaterally)
• Middle Scalene (Bilaterally)
• Posterior Scalene (Bilaterally)
• Sternocleidomastoid
• External Intercostals
• Pectoralis Major (If Arm Is Fixed)
• Pectoralis Minor (If Scapula Is Fixed)
• Serratus Anterior (Lower Ribs If Scapula Is Stabilized)
• Subclavius
• Quadratus Lumborum

• Internal Intercostals

Skip to: Top | Glenohumerol Joint (Ball and Socket) | Scapulothoracis Joint | Elbow - Humeroulnar Joint (Hinge) | Radioulnar (Forearm) | Radiocarpal Joint (Wrist) | Hand and Fingers (Metacarpophalangeal, Proximal, and Distal Interphalangeal Joints) | Thumb (Carpometacarpal, Metacarpophalangeal, Interphalangeal Joints) | Opposition: Opponens Pollicis | Vertebral Column | Cervical Spine | Mandible - (Temporomandibular Joint - TMJ) | Ribs | Hip - (Coxal Joint) - (Ball and Socket) | Knee (Tibiofemoral Joint) | Ankle (Talocrural Joint) | Foot and Toes (Tarsometatarsal, Metatarsophalangeal, Interphalangeal Joints)

Hip - (Coxal Joint) - (Ball and Socket)

Flexion

Extension

• Rectus Femoris
• Gluteus Medius
• Gluteus Minimus
• Adductor Magnus
• Adductor Longus
• Adductor Brevis
• Pectineus
• Tensor Fasciae Latae (TFL)
• Sartorius
• Psoas Major
• Iliacus

• Biceps Femoris
• Semitendinosus
• Semimembranosus
• Gluteus Maximus
• Gluteus Medius
• Adductor Magnus (Posterior Fibers)

Medial Rotation

Lateral Rotation

• Semitendinosus
• Semimembranosus
• Gluteus Medius
• Gluteus Minimus
• Adductor Longus
• Adductor Brevis
• Adductor Magnus
• Pectineus
• Gracilis
• Tensor Fasciae Latae

• Biceps Femoris
• Gluteus Maximus
• Gluteus Medius
• Sartorius
• Piriformis
• Quadratus Femoris
• Obdurator Internus
• Obdurator Externus
• Gemellus Superior
• Gemellus Inferior
• PSOAS Major
• Iliacus

Abduction

Adduction

• Gluteus Maximus
• Gluteus Medius
• Gluteus Minimus
• Tensor Fasciae Latae
• Sartorius
• Piriformis (When Hip Is Flexed)

• Adductor Magnus
• Adductor Longus
• Adductor Brevis
• Gracilis
• Pectineus
• PSOAS Major
• Iliacus
• Gluteus Maximus (Lower Fibers)

Skip to: Top | Glenohumerol Joint (Ball and Socket) | Scapulothoracis Joint | Elbow - Humeroulnar Joint (Hinge) | Radioulnar (Forearm) | Radiocarpal Joint (Wrist) | Hand and Fingers (Metacarpophalangeal, Proximal, and Distal Interphalangeal Joints) | Thumb (Carpometacarpal, Metacarpophalangeal, Interphalangeal Joints) | Opposition: Opponens Pollicis | Vertebral Column | Cervical Spine | Mandible - (Temporomandibular Joint - TMJ) | Ribs | Hip - (Coxal Joint) - (Ball and Socket) | Knee (Tibiofemoral Joint) | Ankle (Talocrural Joint) | Foot and Toes (Tarsometatarsal, Metatarsophalangeal, Interphalangeal Joints)

Knee (Tibiofemoral Joint)

Flexion

Extension

• Biceps Femoris
• Semitenidnosus
• Semimembranosus
• Gracilis
• Sartorius
• Popliteus
• Gastrocnemius

• Rectus Femoris
• Vastus Lateralis
• Vastus Medialis
• Vastus Intermedius

Medial Rotation Of Flexed Knee

Lateral Rotation Of Flexed Knee

• Semitendinosus
• Semimembranosus
• Sartorius
• Gracilis
• Popliteus

• Biceps Femoris

Skip to: Top | Glenohumerol Joint (Ball and Socket) | Scapulothoracis Joint | Elbow - Humeroulnar Joint (Hinge) | Radioulnar (Forearm) | Radiocarpal Joint (Wrist) | Hand and Fingers (Metacarpophalangeal, Proximal, and Distal Interphalangeal Joints) | Thumb (Carpometacarpal, Metacarpophalangeal, Interphalangeal Joints) | Opposition: Opponens Pollicis | Vertebral Column | Cervical Spine | Mandible - (Temporomandibular Joint - TMJ) | Ribs | Hip - (Coxal Joint) - (Ball and Socket) | Knee (Tibiofemoral Joint) | Ankle (Talocrural Joint) | Foot and Toes (Tarsometatarsal, Metatarsophalangeal, Interphalangeal Joints)

Ankle (Talocrural Joint)

Plantar Flexion

Dorsiflexion

• Gastrocnemius
• Soleus
• Tibialis Posterior
• Flexor Digitorum Longus
• Flexor Hallucis Longus
• Peroneus Longus
• Peroneus Brevis
• Plantaris

• Tibialis Anterior
• Extensor Digitorum Longus
• Extensor Hallucis Longus

Skip to: Top | Glenohumerol Joint (Ball and Socket) | Scapulothoracis Joint | Elbow - Humeroulnar Joint (Hinge) | Radioulnar (Forearm) | Radiocarpal Joint (Wrist) | Hand and Fingers (Metacarpophalangeal, Proximal, and Distal Interphalangeal Joints) | Thumb (Carpometacarpal, Metacarpophalangeal, Interphalangeal Joints) | Opposition: Opponens Pollicis | Vertebral Column | Cervical Spine | Mandible - (Temporomandibular Joint - TMJ) | Ribs | Hip - (Coxal Joint) - (Ball and Socket) | Knee (Tibiofemoral Joint) | Ankle (Talocrural Joint) | Foot and Toes (Tarsometatarsal, Metatarsophalangeal, Interphalangeal Joints)

Foot and Toes (Tarsometatarsal, Metatarsophalangeal, Interphalangeal Joints)

Inversion

Eversion

• Tibialis Anterior
• Tibialis Posterior
• Flexor Digitorum Longus
• Flexor Hallucis Longus
• Extensor Hallucis Longus

• Peroneus Longus
• Peroneus Brevis
• Extensor Digitorum Longus

Flexion - 2nd Thru 5th Toes

Extension - 2nd Thru 5th Toes

• Flexor Digitorum Longus
• Flexor Digitorum Brevis (2nd Thru 4th)
• Abductor Digiti Minimi (5th)

• Extensor Digitorum Longus
• Extensor Digitorum Brevis (1st Thru 4th)

Flexion Of First Toe

Extension Of First Toe

• Flexor Hallucis Longus
• Abductor Hallucis
   

• Extensor Hallucis Longus

Abduction of the First Toe

Abduction of the Fifth Toe

• Abductor Hallucis

• Abductor Digit Minimi